St. Anselms Ontological Proof of God

Athletic heart syndrome Essay Example

Athletic heart syndrome Essay Example Athletic heart syndrome Paper Athletic heart syndrome Paper Athletic heart syndrome is a series of conditions steming from a physiologically enlarged heart that is noticed in athletes. Athletic heart syndrome basically as a result of an hypertrophied heart. The resting heart rate, including that measured during exercise, is low when compared with that of other normal persons (both the basal rate and the working rate) (Kenneth et al, 1973).   Muscle contraction is the primary physiological event that occurs during exercising. This is one of the processes in the body that consumes much energy. The cardiovascular system is a conduit for the transport of this energy all round the body. At the same time, the cells are detoxified of all waste products of metabolism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Exercise puts a whole lot of stress on the cardiovascular system. Athletes are constantly involved in exercising. They frequently strain the cardiovascular system through the demand of the muscle cells (myocytes) for more perfusion. This constant strain on the heart in particular, leads to a physiological hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle cells. The left ventricle of the heart is most affected because it is a high pressure pump that supplies blood to the Aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta transmits the blood to other parts of the body including the brain, limbs and all other organs of the body (Kumar et al, 2004) A hypertrophy of the heart is most evident by the thickening of the left ventricle, although, other chambers of the heart are affected. This effect is a sort of physiological conditioning for the heart to be able to cope with the increased load and at the same time, does not feel stressed up. By so doing, athletes ca n persist in the vigorous activity for a longer time than other individuals without overworking the cardiovascular system. (Microsoft Encarta, 2008) Oxygen consumption of like-sized active athletes and normal individuals will be roughly the same at rest or at a given level of exercise. However, the fit individual (the athlete) will be able to achieve greater maximal oxygen consumption, even at a lower heart rate, due to the training effect that takes place with regular exercise. As the athlete engages in regular aerobic exercise, the heart, lungs, and muscles all become more efficient at utilizing oxygen. The heart pumps more blood with cardiac output, the lung capacity of each inhalation increases, and the muscle fibers (myocytes) extract more oxygen from the blood. The training effect on the heart is quite evident when heart rates are compared between long-distance runners and sedentary individuals. The athlete will have a lower heart rate at rest (perhaps as low as 50 beats per minute) and during light jogging, for example, than the non-athlete (who might have a resting rate of 80). During light jogging, the untrained person w ill experience a large increase in heart rate, while the athletes heart rate will not rise nearly as much. MECHANISM The heart has an intrinsic property of being able to generate electrical impulses that excite the myocytes. The Sinoatrial, Atrioventricular, Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibers all make up the electrical conduction system of the heart. Besides this intrinsic control, the heart is control by autonomic nerves that form part of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic part of the   ANS causes a stimulation of the heart – the rate and force of contraction are increased. The parasympathetic system on the other hand causes a decrease in the rate and force of contraction of the heart. In times of need, for instance, when an individual is exercising, the heart rate is increased so as to increase the cardiac output of the heart. In athletes, however, the heart rate is not increased in spite of the dramatic increase in the cardiac output of the heart. This is because of the physiological hypertrophy of the myocytes and also the basal firing of Vagal impulses to the heart. The Vagus nerve supplies the parasympathetic innervation to the heart.(Ganong, 2001) DIAGNOSIS Athletic heart syndrome is asymptomatic. The syndrome cannot be detected unless series or medical tests are carried out. A chest x-ray will show an enlarged heart – this is possible by checking the cardiothoracic ratio and determining if it is normal or not.   Other medical tests include stress tests. During stress tests, the athlete is asked to go on a Treadmill and exercise. Assessment of a persons physical fitness includes measurement of aerobic capacity in the form of maximum oxygen consumption during aerobic exercise. At regular intervals, the pulse rate and the blood pressure are measured; this would give an indication of the rate at which these parameters are changing with the progression of exercise. Also, on electrocardiography, increased activity is noticed in the region of the left ventricle, evidenced by a large QRS complex. The complex is tall and peaked, showing an increase in time that that the ventricular muscle fibers have to depolarize and repolarize. Systo lic murmurs, slow heart rates, arrhythmias and alterations in S-T segments and T-waves are all features of the athletic heart syndrome (Kenneth et al, 1973) MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY Athletic Heart Syndrome is asymptomatic therefore, it is a potentially morbid condition. Athletes with this condition are prone to s number of heart diseases. Cardiomyopathy, which is damage to the weakened heart, is likely to occur in some athletes – Heart failure is the ultimate. Also, in some athletes, heart failure has caused sudden death. This is because they were no prior diagnosis of any heart disease. After a period of relative inactivity by the athlete, the myriad of modifications to the cardiovascular system normalize. The cardiomegaly subsides. This is important as it distinguishes this syndrome from other cardiomyopathies. Rich (2007). REFERENCES. W. F. Ganong (2001). Review of Medical Physiology. 20th ed. McGraw Hill Companies. pp 275 290 V. Kumar, A. K. Abbas, N. Fausto (2004) Robins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Saunders – Elsevier. pp 460 -466 Microsoft Encarta (2008). The Human Heart. Microsoft Inc. Microsoft Encarta (2008). Exercise. Microsoft Inc. B. Kenneth, A. Benchimol, J. Schumacher (1973). External Pulse and Vectocardiographic Abnormalities in the Athletic Heart Syndrome. â€Å"Ches. American College Of Physicians. Pp 289-295 B. E. Rich (2007). The athletic heart syndrome. Current Sports Medicine Reports. Current Medicine Group LLC

Respond essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Respond - Essay Example People need to discard their otherness in the other culture through assimilation. They have to adopt Anglicized names in order to have themselves accepted as normal beings. They do not want to be de alla, for which they have to adopt an identity that is different from one they are born with. Hence, Munoz’s main focus is on the need of people to adopt Anglicized names to adapt in a new culture that is superior to their own. 2. Munoz does not state his thesis statement straight away; instead, he starts with an account of a Mexican woman calling a visitor at the airport, and then describes how his cousins and others in the family changed their names in order to get themselves accepted in the English society. Munoz, much later in the essay, talks about how assimilation affects one’s identity, when he says: â€Å"It applies to needing to belong, of seeing from the outside and wondering how to get in and then, once inside, realizing there are always those still on the fringe† (Munoz, para.17). In the same paragraph, Munoz states how the corrosive effect of assimilation affects an individual’s cultural identity. He states that assimilation results in one culture displacing the other, and this happens when one is not able to sustain two identities in one being, for which he has to leave one and adopt the other that is useful for him in terms of living and profession. One has to give in to the new culture to feel accepted, or in a broader sense, to escape from ethnic/racial discrimination. 3. Munoz gives lists of names to reinforce his thesis statement. He mentions names of his cousins, his grandfather, and others in his family and friends, to emphasize upon his thesis statement. I found it a little bit distracting, although it was helpful in understanding what he really meant to say. A few examples were really necessary to obtain a clear understanding, but I really found it annoying to go through so many names,

Operations Management, Assignment-Supply Chain Assignment

Operations Management, -Supply Chain - Assignment Example y, the core functions entail transporting of goods, fulfilling orders, packaging, labeling, cross docking and other significant services that involve making sure that orders go through the full cycle. Decisively, warehouses and distribution center’s main focus is on customer’s needs and services through the implementation of the techniques that ensure the products are in their best condition observing aspects such as cost and efficiency. Currently, there are warehouse systems operational on the World Wide Web with the multiple advancements in technology; nonetheless, even customary warehouses and distribution centers embrace technology in meeting the objective and performing their roles (Keller 1). Appreciably, technology makes it easier for warehouse to process orders, manage transportation and even use the varying management information systems in scanning bar codes, plan loads among other activities. Definitely, warehouses and distribution centers’ activities base on relationships with the main link being between suppliers and consumers hence the management in these sectors must understand customers’ needs and the most efficient methods of operations. Warehousing and distribution centers’ are among the core areas that continue to advance in supply chain management and as a matter of effectiveness performance measures apply in determining productivity. Due to competition and meeting customers’ needs, the products must be in the right place, at the right time and in the right condition for a warehouse to uphold efficiency hence measuring performance entails the achievement and sustainability of these goals. Essentially, most warehouses and distribution centers use units and lines in the measurement of productivity by calculating the number of units or lines collected per hour in day. However, this does not entirely meet the standards of efficiency so other methods apply in measuring usable space by observing facets such as storage utility (Keller

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Research Paper Example These physical and psychological demands of the profession of nursing often leads to high job stress amongst nurses. Employee performance on the job is a function of three factors working together: effort, skills and abilities and the work environment. Skills is the set of abilities and knowledge possessed by the employee whereas effort signifies the amount of hard work the employee puts into the job (Levey, 2001). The theoretical framework of a research includes: the variables under study, the nature of relationship between the two and the reason for the same, study of other variables that might affect the outcome of the relationship and a schematic diagram showing the various relationships (Sekara, 2009). The two central variables under study in this study are: job stress and employee performance. There have been many definitions for stress. Michie (2002) defines stress as the psychological and physical state of a human when the resources available with the individual are not sufficient to manage with the demands and pressures of the situation. Although stress can not be said to be harmful in all the cases, it does seem to have significant negative effects. For success it is necessary that organizations provide quality services efficiently. In this scenario, job stress becomes a very important variable to be studied. There have been many factors that may result in employee being stressful at the job. Some of the reasons that may lead to stress at work include: poor physical working conditions, time pressures, work overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, dissatisfaction with the appraisal process, poor relationships with the manager or the subordinate or absence of decision making powers (Michie, 2002). Besides these, issues at home such as financial problems, or life crisis can also lead to job stress. The second important variable that needs study is the employee performance. Job stress often has significant impact on the employee morale.

Macro and Micro Nutrients

Macro and Micro Nutrients Nutrition is basically the process absorbing, consuming and using nutrients needed for the growth of the body, maintenance and development of the life (Wikipedia, 2009). Nutrients are basically chemical substances in foods that strive to nourish the body. Many nutrients in the body can be synthesized. Those nutrients that cannot be synthesized in the body are known as the essential nutrients that are a must to be consumed in the diet. These nutrients include amino acids which are found in proteins, minerals and proteins and certain fatty acids. From the 20 amino acid nutrients, nine of them are known as the essential nutrients. If the essential or necessary nutrients are not supplied in the quantities that are required, deficiencies disorders of nutrition can be the outcome (SHARMA, 2012). To determine as to whether the person is getting the right amount of nutrients a doctor usually examines and asks about the diet and the eating habits, performs a physical assessment to examine the composition (the amount of muscle and fat), and the body functioning. Finally the doctor orders the laboratory tests to measure the exact content of tissues and blood. In general the nutrients are divided into two classes, micro nutrients and macro nutrients. The macro nutrients including fats, carbohydrates, proteins and some minerals are usually required daily in large quantities. They usually make up the bulk of supply and diet, the energy and building blocks required for the growth, activity and maintenance. Micro nutrients on the other hand are required in small quantities usually in milligrams which are calculated to be 1000th of the gram, and one millionth of a gram in micro grams. They usually include trace minerals and vitamins that catalyze the exact utilization of the macronutrients. Other needy components of the food arent metabolized or digested to any kind of an appreciable extent. The components usually consist of fibers such as the pectin, cellulose and gums. The authorities recommend that twenty grams of fiber should be consumed every day to improve the movement and motion in the gastrointestinal tract, normalize the changes in cho lesterol and blood sugar that usually occurs after meals, and maximize the elimination of the cancer causing substances that the bacteria in the large intestine usually produces. The food additives including emulsifiers, preservatives, stabilizers and antioxidants improve the production, processing packaging and storage of foods. The substances such as the flavors, spices, colors, odors, phytochemicals and many other natural products enhance the taste, appearance, taste and stability of foods. The food in the daily diet usually includes or can contain as much as 100000 substances, out of which around 300 are the nutrients, and around 45 are the nutrients that are essential. TYPES OF NUTRITION MACRO NUTRIENTS The organic macro nutrients are usually the fats, carbohydrates and proteins, and they supply around 90% of the dry weight of the diet and energy of around 100%. They are usually digested into the intestine and then they are always broken down into their core or basic units; the glycerol and fatty acids from fat, sugars from the carbohydrates and the amino acids from the proteins. The energy content is usually 4 calories in one gram of carbohydrate or protein and 9 calories in a gram of fat. As the main sources of fats, carbohydrates, energy, and proteins are usually interchangeable in part or proportion to their content of energy. The intake of energy varies a lot from around 1000 to 4000 calories every day depending on the sex, age and physical activity (SELFNUTRITIONDATA, 2012). Ideally the young children, sedentary women, and older adults need around 1600 calories every day. On the other hand older children, sedentary men and adult women need about 2000 calories every day. The young men and adolescent boys need around 2400 calories a day. Around 55% of the calories usually come from carbohydrates, 15% come from protein and around 30% come from fats. If the energy intake is less or insufficient for the bodys needs and requirements, then the act of weight loss comes into play, and the fat that is stored in the body and the protein to a lesser extent is used to supply the energy that is needed for everyday survival. Total starvation can usually cause death in the period of around 8 weeks to 12 weeks. The necessary fatty acids contribute to around 7% of the fat that is consumed in the normal diet, which is thought of to be around 8 grams or 3% of the total calories, and therefore are considered to be macronutrients. They usually include linolenic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachdidonic acid and docosahexaenpoic acid. The linolenic and the linoleic acid are usually found in the vegetable oils, docosahexaeoic and eicosapentaenoic acid is necessary for the development of the brain and is usually found in the fish oils. In the body the arachidonic and docosahexeonic acid can be created from the linotenic acid despite the fact the fish oil is a more efficient source. Usually the macro minerals are the phosphorus, calcium, sodium, chloride, magnesium and potassium. These macro minerals are considered to be macro nutrients because they are required in large amount of quantities which can be around 1 to 2 grams a day. water which is also a macro nutrient is usually required in the quantities of around 1 millilitre for each calorie of energy or in the range of 2500 milliliters a day. MICRO NUTRIENTS Vitamins and trace minerals are usually known as the micro nutrients. The vitamins are usually classified as water soluble, and this includes eight members of the vitamin B complex and the vitamin C, or fat soluble which includes the vitamins D, A, E and K (SHARMA, 2012). the essential trace minerals usually include the zinc, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, iodide, selenium, and fluoride. All of the minerals usually activate the enzymes needed in the metabolism except for the fluoride. Fluoride usually creates a stable compound with calcium, aiding in stabilizing the mineral content of teeth and bones and helping in preventing the tooth decay. Trace minerals including chromium, arsenic, cobalt, silicon, nickel and vanadium which might be essential in animal nutrition have not been usually established as the fundamentals in human nutrition. All the trace minerals are said to be toxic at the upper or higher levels and some minerals such as the nickel, arsenic and chromium have bee n pointed out as the causes of cancer. Healthy diet and dietary tools A healthy diet plan is essential in order for one to lead a healthy life. Thus the correct food choices are essential (Hill) Meals or foods with starch because these foods can provide you with a lot of energy Eat a lot of vegetables and fruits every day. Preferred is to eat 5 varieties of fruits and vegetables every day. Eating more fish can be very beneficial. It is preferred to eat two potions of fish every week. Reduce the usage of salt in your everyday. It is preferred to eat no more than 6 gram of salt per day. Minimize the usage of saturated fat and sugar. Exercise daily and keep your weight healthy. Healthy weight is essential for health. Drink a lot of water since it has no side effect. Preferred intake of daily water is 6-8 glasses. Breakfast is essential and should not be skipped because it gives you all the required energy you need for the day. Bread, eggs, butter and milk can be a good source of breakfast. If above dietary plan is properly followed it will lead to a person having a healthy life and free from any kinds of diseases, physical problems and stress. CONCLUSION Overall nutrients are an essential part of the life of a human being that are required in each and every stage of the life. It is basically the process of absorbing, consuming and using nutrients needed for the growth of the body, maintenance and development of the life. Nutrients are basically che mical substances in foods that strive to nourish the body. Therefore they need to be taken in essential quantities so as to nourish the body of the human beings. Both the macro nutrients and micro nutrients are an essential part of this nutrient process. The macro nutrients normally include the fats, carbohydrates and protein, whereas the macro nutrients usually include the vitamins and trace minerals. What the person or a human being needs to know is that what is the right quantity for him or her to consume and as to what combination of the fats, proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins are essential for them. When the persons are well aware of these things then they are able to eat a healthy diet and usually stay healthy all their life.

organisational diagnosis Essay -- essays research papers

Perform a diagnosis of an organization that you are familiar with, using the diagnostic organizational level analysis. Your diagnosis should include an assessment of the organization’s performance and an indication of the underlying cause of problems. 1. What is diagnosis?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diagnosis is a systematic approach to understanding and describing the present state of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  organization. 2. The open system: The general diagnosis model based on systems theory that underlines most of OD.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The elements in open system model are: - Input: Information, energy, people - Transformations: Social component, technological component - Output: Finished goods, services and ideas 3. Organizational level diagnosis The elements in organizational level diagnosis are: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inputs: General Environment, Industry Structure -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategic Orientation: Strategy, Organizational Design -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Output: Organization Performance, Productivity, Stakeholder Satisfaction MICROSOFT CARPOINT ANALYSIS INPUT †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Environment: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology—depends on the advancement the technology, e.g. easy to imitate products/services. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social and Ethical --- less privacy, accuracy and safety. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Economic --- different income and spending, e.g. crisis in Asia causes less purchasing power. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Political and legal --- government regulation, e.g. taxation, domain name registration, copyright. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company Industry Structure: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threat of Entry High barriers: brand identification, economies of scale, international market -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors More online car industries, e.g. AutoByTel, AutoWeb, and Auto Vantage Difficult to maintain unique offerings. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pressure from Substitute Products The availability of substitute products: traditional dealers, other online car industry. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bargaining Power of Buyers More purchase options, more valuable and timely information, and the degree of transaction simplicity. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bargaining Pow... ...ned, there are divisional structure which are related to online auto products/services. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  HR system support the Strategic Orientation, to achieve its mission must be supported with well-developed human resources. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizational Design and Strategy is aligned, the differentiated strategic intent requires an organization design that focuses on the creation of new ideas, marketing and manufacturing REFERENCE Microsoft CarPoint Case Study, http://webct.buseco.monash.edu.au/MKW1601_S1_01_04/assignments/04145060_carpoint.pdf, Accessed: 4 May 2004. Rayport, J.F., Jaworski, B.J., 2001, Introduction to E-Commerce, 1st edition, McGraw Hill, USA Microsoft corperation, 2004, http://autos.msn.com/finance_insurance/finance.aspx?src=LeftNav, Accessed: 2004, May 15). Redmon, Wash. (1998, November 24). â€Å"MSN CarPoint's Personal Auto Page Wins Big With Customers†, < http://www.showroomatfiat.co.uk/press/pap.asp >, (Accessed: 2004, May 15). Marketing Teacher, The Marketing Environment, , Access Date: 17/05/2004 Waddell, D.M., Cummings, T.G. & Worley, C.G. (2000), Organisation Development and Change, Thomson Learning, USA.

Accreditation Audit AFT Essay

A1. Compliance Status The ongoing survey readiness audits that are conducted in the hospital on a daily basis have identified areas we will focus on to ensure that our accreditation survey results are exceptional. Audits are performed on an ongoing basis with a focus on trends that are most commonly cited by the Joint Commission. Nightingale hospital has proven to have made great improvements over prior survey findings in Emergency Management, Human Resources, Leadership, Medical Staff, Nursing Care, Provision of Care, Treatment and Services, Information Management, Handoff Communication and critical value reporting. We have placed an abundance of resources and efforts into improvement in these categories and will continue to make strides to further improve every aspect of the care we provide to our patients. (The Joint Commission, 2013) A2. Noncompliant Trends The areas we have identified that are not in compliance with the Joint Commission standards are: 1) Environment of care findings with numerous smoke wall penetrations, interim life safely measures for construction projects, blocked fire extinguishers, lack of sufficient evidence of adequate fire drills, lack of testing for medical gas alarm panels, blocked sprinkler clearance as well as cluttered hallways. 2) Falls has continue to be a challenge for our organization and will continue to be a focus for every department in our hospital. 3) Moderate sedation is an area that has been identified that needs a hardwired process for not only the hospital but for the anesthesia providers. The Joint Commission standards for moderate sedation compliance will require teamwork from the hospital and anesthesia group. 4) Pain assessment and reassessment is an ongoing primary focus area that we have not mastered in our organization. We have developed performance improvement processes to work toward compliance. This standard is a focus for every inpatient and outpatient department of our hospital. 5) Authentication of verbal orders continues to be monitored, but remains a challenge for our hospital. 6) Prohibited abbreviations are used periodically throughout our organization and is a piece of our daily audits when performing open record reviews. 7) Medication Management is a  priority focus area for our hospital, which we continue to struggle with various elements of this standard. We are focusing in particular on range order compliance and labeling medications. A3a. Staffing Patterns The case study shows that on unit 4E has the most opportunity for improvement in the number of patient falls and hospital acquired pressure ulcers. The comparison of falls and nursing care hours appears to be inconclusive, however appears to be a trend developing. The data appears that the staffing nursing hours per patient day have increase during the fourth quarter. In October, the falls per 1000 patient days was around 9. During October, the nursing hours per patient day were approximately five. November shows an increase in falls per patient day to 11.5 with nursing hours per patient day of 15.5. December continues the trended increase to 15 falls per 1000 patient days and 15 nursing hours per patient day. The data shows that the more hours per patient day we have, the more falls per 1000 patient days we experience. The data for pressure ulcer prevention follows the same trends. A3b. Staffing Plan The study has shown that the number of staff available is not causing the increase in the patient falls. The staff are obviously not rounding effectively on their patients, and being proactive in fall prevention. The plan to decrease nosocomial pressure ulcers and prevent falls will be presented to all staff on 4E by 4/15/2014 and fully implemented immediately. The new action plan will be evaluated for the remaining second quarter and if successful, will be implemented throughout the organization. The plan will utilize 10 hours per patient day, which is the average of the last quarter. The plan will require the staff to be more efficient and round with purpose in order to stay focused on the needs of the patients. This increased focus should prove to decrease the number of falls per 1000 days. Action Plan: 1) Mandatory education by 4/15/2014 to all staff on 4E 2) All patients will be rounded on hourly beginning 4/16/2014 3) All hourly rounds will address the 4 P’s (Pain, potty, possessions and position) a. Pain i. Is patient experiencing pain at this time ii. If so, ask patient to rate their pain iii. Depending on pain level, offer medication or other intervention b. Potty i. Does the patient need to use the restroom, urinal or ambulate to bathroom and if so, assist them to prevent falls and stay with them until completed c. Possessions i. Is call light, phone, meals, etc†¦ within reach of patient? The patient having their possessions within reach will minimize their need to reach or ambulate without assistance to answer the phone, etc†¦ which will prevent falls d. Position i. Is it time to change the patient’s position (left to right, ambulate, etc†¦) the changing of position frequently will assist in the prevention of pressure ulcers. 4) Each staff member ta performs the hourly round will document each round on the rounding log that will be located in the patient room. Rounds can be done by either the nurse or nurse’s assistant, as long as all needs for medication or other special needs will be immediately addressed by the nurse. The action plan presented will ensure that the patients are seen and their needs are met on an hourly basis. The staff will anticipate the needs of all patients by addressing the areas that cause the majority of falls. The patients will know the staff will be returning within an hour and will no longer have a need to utilize their call light unless in an emergency. The call lights will decrease, which will create a more organized unit that is very focused on being proactive with all patients. The results will be evaluated and changes and update to the plan will be made where necessary to continue improving the fall and pressure ulcer rate on this unit. B. Sources NONE

Microbiology Test Questions Essays

Microbiology Test Questions Essays Microbiology Test Questions Essay Microbiology Test Questions Essay A complex aggregation of microbes, often found on a solid surface, is called a thin film of microorganisms on the surface of a microscope slide is a(n) 9. 110. The gelatinous covering around the cell wall of many microorganisms is called ; a resistant, dormant structure formed within a bacterium that protects t T I room extreme environmental contraltos Is a(n) 1 1. /12. The science of classifying organisms is called the study of the evolutionary history of organisms is called Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun/Practice Test #1 2 13. 114. A pure culture of organisms is called a(n) genetically related groups are called 15. The highest level of classification is called a(n) SHORT ANSWER. (40 points) 16. A. Name the groups at the level of classification referred to in #15. B. What is the basis for distinguishing the groups at this level? 17. Compare and contrast the theories of spontaneous generation and bossiness. 18. A. Briefly state Kochs Postulates. B. Why are these important? Mollycoddled 233/Dry. Braun/Practice lest # 19. A. In descending order, list the 7 major levels of classification. B. Explain or describe a binomial, in scientific nomenclature. Give 2 specific examples. 20. List the 4 major groups of eukaryotic organisms, and the key characteristics of each one. B. Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun/Practice Test #1 4 TRUE / FALSE. (30 points) Circle TRUE or FALSE for each statement. Extra Credit: For each statement you think is false, correct it by crossing out the word(s) that make it false and adding word(s) to make it true. Do not rewrite the whole statement. 21. Microorganisms are identified and classified according to various methods, including morphological features, biochemical tests, differential staining and the type of virus a bacterium is susceptible to. TRUE / FALSE . Methods of comparing the DNA of different organisms include: DNA fingerprinting, Southern blotting, serological testing and nucleic acid habitation. TRUE / FALSE . Both DNA and RNA can be used to identify microbes. 24. Phylogeny relationships can be determined by a molecular clock, which is based on the fact that genetic mutations occur at a fairly constant rate over time. 25. Archaic include both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but none are pathogenic. 26. Photosynthetic bacteria include Contractible, green and purple bacteria, and allotrope- bacteria; oxygen is produced only by the bacteria that use sulfur as an electron acceptor. Gram-positive Etcetera are leave Into 2 groups, oases on ten amount AT and cytosine they have in their DNA. Guanine 28. The main difference between fungi and bacteria is the chemical composition of their cell walls. FALSE Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun,prance -rest 5 29. The main difference between algae and plants is that algae do not have roots, stems and leaves. Helmets are multicultural eukaryote that have various organ systems, except arms, which rely on their hosts for vital functions. Parasitic 31. MATCHING. Microscopy (10 points) Detailed view of internal structures of living microbes. A. Phase-contrast Magnification up to xx; oil improves resolution. Electron Darkled Uses 2 beams of light to improve resolution. B. Con-Focal C. Scanning D. E. -row- Maps atomic and molecular shapes; intracellular temper atures. Photon Fluorescence Deep images of cells in tissues; active cells in real time. G. Scanned-Probe Pathogenic microbes within cells and tissues. Brightened l. Transmission Electron Live microbes that cannot be viewed by other methods. Scanning Acoustic Extremely clear Interference Contrast 2-monsoonal Images. Detrimental High resolution; 3-D view; different layers of a specimen. Living cells attached to another surface, such as cancer cells and arterial plaque. Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun/Practice Test #1 6 32. List the 5 phyla of Bacteria, the key characteristics of each one, and a specific example (40 points) Phylum Key Characteristics with its importance to human beings or the environment. Specific organism its importance

Using the French Expletive Connard in Conversation

Using the French Expletive Connard in Conversation The French noun connard  (pronounced kuh-nar) is an informal term commonly used as an expletive. Loosely translated, it means idiot or jerk, although most people understand it to mean something more obscene. As with all slang, its important to understand what youre saying before you go using it in everyday conversation. You and your friends may toss around expletives like connard  knowing that youre joking. But you probably wouldnt want to use such language in a formal situation or in front of strangers. Translation and Usage A more direct translation of  connard  would be ahole or any number of variations on the f-word. A French person searching for a synonym might choose imbà ©cile  or  crà ©tin.  There is also  a feminine version:  une connarde / une connasse  for cow. Examples of Usage Here are a few examples for context. To be clear, we are not recommending using this term. But it will be useful to understand it because it can be overheard on the streets of any French city or town. Cest un vrai connard ! Hes a real jerk!Tu es le  connard  de lautre nuit.  Casse-toi ! Youre the [expletive] from the other night. Get away!Et je suppose que le sale  connard  veut quelque chose en à ©change.  Ã‚  And I assume the dirty  [expletive] wants something in return.Ecoute, tu devenais un incroyable  connard.   Listen, you were becoming/being an unbelievable jerk.Babe Ruth à ©tait un  connard, mais le baseball reste gà ©nial.  Ã‚  Babe Ruth was  [expletive], but baseballs still  beautiful.Tu peux pas me parler, espà ¨ce de  connard.   You cant talk to me, you son of an  [expletive].Cest pas toi qui pose  la question,  connard.  Ã‚  Youre not asking the question,  [expletive].Vandalisme, arme blanche : Ten prends pour six mois,  connard.   Vandalism, deadly weapon. You get six months in lockup,  [expletive].Ouai, ben, soul ou sobre, tes toujours un  connard.  Ã‚  Yeah, well, drunk or sober, youre still an [expletive].

The Human Genome Project promises a revolutionary insight to the Essay

The Human Genome Project promises a revolutionary insight to the genetic 'blueprint' of the human body. Consider the social, - Essay Example Ethical issues include balancing individual interests against the interests of others, and such considerations as potentially racist applications and unforeseen consequences of information which gene-related activities can produce. Some of the most critical issues such as privacy and the desire not to know are highlighted. Financial implications for society at large, private companies and for individuals are explored. Finally there is assessment of the extent to which the Frankenstein metaphor applies to this project. The paper concludes that the Human Genome Project is an extremely powerful resource which can be used for good or evil purposes, and that we have resolved some, but by no means all, of the major ethical issues that it brings. The Human Genome Project promises a revolutionary insight to the genetic â€Å"blueprint† of the human body. Consider the social, ethical, and economic implications of this project for society, and the potential for applications of this rese arch. Genetic engineering is a relatively new science, which rests on the pioneering work of Gregor Mendel on the garden pea, leading to the formulation of Mendel’s laws in 1866. (Thomas, 2003 pp. 1-3). ... They were motivated by scientific curiosity and, as in so many laboratories, the focus was on the pure science, theories and explanations of what was going on at the tiniest possible levels of genes and chromosomes within the human body. At this stage there was very little concern for the ethical and moral implications of these new discoveries. The field of genetics made further progress with the invention of effective gene sequencing techniques in the mid 1970’s. At first only tiny viruses and bacteria were studied, but with advances in computing and automation, more complex organisms could be studied. Throughout the 1980s techniques improved so considerably that attention turned to the human genome. The Huntingdon’s disease gene was mapped to chromosome 4 in 1983 (Collins and McKusick: 2001, p. 541) but this was only a first step towards accurately locating the disease to its specific position there. There was no systematic way of sequencing all of the genes, and the scale of the task, encompassing some 3 billion base pairs, defeated even the best technology of the time. More resources were needed to tackle such a huge task. In 1989 both private and publicly funded organisations began to map the whole human genome. An international consortium was set up in 1990 and named the Human Genome Project. At this stage, finally, some of the more serious implications of the project were realised, and a portion the funding amounting to between 3% and 5% was set aside for exploration of the moral and ethical issues attached to the research. (Collins and McKusick, 2001, p. 540) Over a period of 13 years, the Human Genome Project was carried out in various locations,

Animation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Animation - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to explore how animation has evolved and changed since the golden age of Disney in the 1930s through to the Pixar films of modern day. To do this, the research will focus particularly on a classic Disney movie (Fantasia) and one of the most popular films released by Pixar (Toy Story). In doing this, some similarities will be uncovered between the two, despite the differences in technology and the vastly different eras in which they were generated and produced. Disney’s Fantasia Fantasia is one of the most influential Disney films, and was released in 1940 (Neuwirth, 2003). The film itself is highly complex for such an early example of animated film, with over 500 characters being present within the story and over 1000 members of staff working on different elements of the production (Neuwirth, 2003). Although related to previous Disney animations (Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies), Fantasia is well recognized for having some of the most brightly co lored and intensely lit stills from any other animated movie or short from the period (Lasseter, 1995), perhaps a testament to the developing technology of the time. Color itself is recognized as being one of the most important elements of Fantasia’s success, and Disney requested that each scene be color-coded in a specific way to allow smooth transition between shots. Additionally, artists involved in the picture were encouraged to make 3D models of their characters to understand the movement for a more ‘realistic’ feel, despite the abstract nature of the film (Cavalier, 2011). An important point to note with respect to Fantasia and the early Disney films is that each and every shot in the film was drawn, colored and lit individually; an extremely painstaking process. It is from this starting point that the evolution of animation technology can be considered. Pixar’s Toy Story Like Fantasia, Toy Story is extremely significant in the history of animation. Released in 1995, Toy Story was the first full-length animation to be completely done using computer animation techniques. It also has the credit of being the first film released by Pixar, a hugely successful modern film studio. Toy Story relies on CGI-animation techniques created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, a Pixar-specific image-rendering application based on the industry standard (Cavalier, 2011). One of the biggest challenges for animating the movie was that the producers wanted the animation to look as realistic as possible, which means a huge attention to detail. In this way, the animation techniques for both Toy Story and Fantasia involve a similar commitment. However, it is worth noting that only 27 animators worked on the production of Toy Story, although over 400 real 3D models were created to allow the animators to study movement and gain a picture of how the characters in the film should move and behave to create the aforementioned realism (Lasseter, 1995). Additional ly, there were challenges involved in creating realistic shadows and lighting, although these could be done to a higher standard than in typical ‘cartoon-style’ animations. Technology & Composition There are 55 years between the release of Disney’s Fantasia and Pixar’s Toy Story, which evidently means that there are a lot of